Tuesday, November 26, 2019
An Introduction to Academic Writing
An Introduction to Academic Writing Students, professors, and researchers in every discipline use academic writing to convey ideas, make arguments, and engage in scholarly conversation. Academic writing is characterized by evidence-based arguments, precise word choice, logical organization, and an impersonal tone. Though sometimes thought of as long-winded or inaccessible, strong academic writing is quite the opposite: It informs, analyzes, and persuades in a straightforward manner and enables the reader to engage critically in a scholarly dialogue. Examples of Academic Writing Academic writing is, of course, any formal written work produced in an academic setting. While academic writing comes in many forms, the following are some of the most common. Literary analysis: A literary analysis essay examines, evaluates, and makes an argument about a literary work. As its name suggests, a literary analysis essay goes beyond mere summarization. It requires careful close reading of one or multiple texts and often focuses on a specific characteristic, theme, or motif. Research paper: A research paper uses outside information to support a thesis or make an argument. Research papers are written in all disciplines and may be evaluative, analytical, or critical in nature. Common research sources include data, primary sources (e.g., historical records), and secondary sources (e.g., peer-reviewed scholarly articles). Writing a research paper involves synthesizing this external information with your own ideas. Dissertation: A dissertation (or thesis) is a document submitted at the conclusion of a Ph.D. program. The dissertation is a book-length summarization of the doctoral candidate’s research. Academic papers may be done as a part of a class, in a program of study, or for publication in an academic journal or scholarly book of articles around a theme, by different authors. Characteristics of Academic Writing Most academic disciplines employ their own stylistic conventions. However, all academic writing shares certain characteristics. Clear and limited focus. The focus of an academic paper- the argument or research question- is established early by the thesis statement. Every paragraph and sentence of the paper connects back to that primary focus. While the paper may include background or contextual information, all content serves the purpose of supporting the thesis statement.Logical structure. All academic writing follows a logical, straightforward structure. In its simplest form, academic writing includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The introduction provides background information, lays out the scope and direction of the essay, and states the thesis. The body paragraphs support the thesis statement, with each body paragraph elaborating on one supporting point. The conclusion refers back to the thesis, summarizes the main points, and highlights the implications of the paper’s findings. Each sentence and paragraph logically connects to the next in order to present a clear argument.E vidence-based arguments. Academic writing requires well-informed arguments. Statements must be supported by evidence, whether from scholarly sources (as in a research paper), results of a study or experiment, or quotations from a primary text (as in a literary analysis essay). The use of evidence gives credibility to an argument. Impersonal tone. The goal of academic writing is to convey a logical argument from an objective standpoint. Academic writing avoids emotional, inflammatory, or otherwise biased language. Whether you personally agree or disagree with an idea, it must be presented accurately and objectively in your paper. Most published papers also have abstracts: brief summaries of the most important points of the paper. Abstracts appear in academic database search results so that readers can quickly determine whether the paper is pertinent to their own research. The Importance of Thesis Statements Let’s say you’ve just finished an analytical essay for your literature class. If a peer or professor asks you what the essay is about- what the point of the essay is- you should be able to respond clearly and concisely in a single sentence. That single sentence is your thesis statement. The thesis statement, found at the end of the first paragraph, is a one-sentence encapsulation of your essay’s main idea. It presents an overarching argument and may also identify the main support points for the argument. In essence, the thesis statement is a road map, telling the reader where the paper is going and how it will get there. The thesis statement plays an important role in the writing process. Once you’ve written a thesis statement, you’ve established a clear focus for your paper. Frequently referring back to that thesis statement will prevent you from straying off-topic during the drafting phase. Of course, the thesis statement can (and should) be revised to reflect changes in the content or direction of the paper. Its ultimate goal, after all, is to capture the main ideas of your paper with clarity and specificity. Common Mistakes to Avoid Academic writers from every field face similar challenges during the writing process. You can improve your own academic writing by avoiding these common mistakes. Wordiness. The goal of academic writing is to convey complex ideas in a clear, concise manner. Don’t muddy the meaning of your argument by using confusing language. If you find yourself writing a sentence over 25 words long, try to divide it into two or three separate sentences for improved readability.A vague or missing thesis statement. The thesis statement is the single most important sentence in any academic paper. Your thesis statement must be clear, and each body paragraph needs to tie into that thesis.Informal language. Academic writing is formal in tone and should not include slang, idioms, or conversational language.Description without analysis. Do not simply repeat the ideas or arguments from your source materials. Rather, analyze those arguments and explain how they relate to your point. Not citing sources. Keep track of your source materials throughout the research and writing process. Cite them consistently using one style manual (MLA, APA, or Chicago Manual of Style, depending on the guidelines given to you at the outset of the project). Any ideas that are not your own need to be cited, whether theyre paraphrased or quoted directly, to avoid plagiarism.
Friday, November 22, 2019
When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names
When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names By Mark Nichol Few technical writing errors drive editors to distraction like superfluous capitalization does. This eruption of capitalitis (a pathogen otherwise known as Uppercasis ludicrosii) is most often seen in references to plants and animals. Words that comprise the names of plant species are generally lowercase: â€Å"Lumber from the live oak is rarely used for furniture.†Exceptions occur when one or more of the words is named after a person or a geographical location, as in the name of the California poppy. (The flowering plant bougainvillea is named after French explorer Louis Antoine de Bougainville, but plant names so inspired are still lowercase.) An exception is also made for references to types of fruits and vegetables, such as Red Delicious apples or Early Girl tomatoes. Then there are names of cultivars, or cultivated varieties, of plants, such as that of a kind of broccoli, Brassica oleracea ‘Calabrese’. The convention in botany is to enclose the name of the cultivar in single quotation marks. Note also the exception to the rule about placing closing punctuation within quotation marks; this format, also employed in linguistics and philosophy, reflects the intention to clarify the precise terminology in question. Notice the italicized name mentioned just above, and the jocular one in the first paragraph: Those are examples, respectively authentic and artificial, of binomial nomenclature, the system of Latin-inspired scientific names for life-forms. The first element, the genus name, is capitalized; the second element, the species name, is not (even if it derives from a place name, as in Artemisia californica, the name of a plant found in California). Such terms, as shown here, are generally italicized. Binomial nomenclature is, of course, also used for animals, including the singularly curious one designated as Homo sapiens. However, as in the case of plant names, animal names are not capitalized (â€Å"I spotted a red-tailed hawk,†not â€Å"I spotted a Red-Tailed Hawk†), except when an element of the name is a proper noun, as in â€Å"Steller’s jay†and â€Å"Siberian tiger.†Animal breeds, unlike types of produce and plant cultivars, are given no special treatment: Your cocker spaniel is special, of course, but its breed name merits no capitalization. However, many names of breeds of dogs and cats are exceptions, such as those of the German shepherd, the Siamese cat, and the Thoroughbred horse. The preponderance of such examples may be the cause of confusion about capitalization of animal names. The rules are complicated, but it’s a simple enough matter to get a ruling: Check the dictionary. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†At Your DisposalWhat’s the Best Way to Refer to a Romantic Partner?
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Afghan employment by foreign contractors Dissertation
Afghan employment by foreign contractors - Dissertation Example Afghanistan is a landlocked Islamic country which has been at the crossroads of many cultures and civilizations. In ancient times, Afghanistan had been invaded and subdued by Persians, Greeks, Macedonians and Aryans (Scarborough, 1998). Especially during the 1st and 2nd centuries, Afghanistan became a central and strategic trading site of the famed Silk Road that linked Rome and China and which brought not only commodities such as silk, porcelain etc to Afghanistan but also arts, religions (Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity and Islam) and most especially, the †equally important currency ideas†(Clammer, 2007,p.652). In more modern times, Afghanistan had been the bone of contention between Britain and Russia in what is called â€Å"The Great Game†(Garthoff 1997,p.977) and between Russia and the USA in what is called â€Å"The Cold War†(Walker 1995,p.356). Despite the land’s difficult terrain with its high mountains and plateaus, steep ridges, deep valleys and its remote position, Afghanistan is the ideal buffer zone and the arena for balance of power (Ewans, 2002). According to Grau (1998)                                                                                                                       Afghanistan was, to the Russians, an outlet to the Indian Ocean and an extension of                                                                                                                 Russian expansionism for the British it was an important shield to protect India, Pakistan and other British territories from Russian hegemony. But the Russians prevailed in the struggle for control of Afghanistan when Britain granted independence to India and Pakistan, thus leaving a power vacuum. The latter signaled the entry of USA as rebel group.
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Urban education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
Urban education - Essay Example Moreover, Ladson-Billings (2001, p.23) explained that urban areas are characterized by higher economic activities and the housing is dense. Consequently, due to high economic activities, urban areas have a culturally diverse population since masses from different cultural backgrounds move to these areas in search for employment opportunities. In UK, Ladson-Billings (2001, p.23) observes that early industrialization was characterised by segregation of people in different social classes, though this diminished with increased need for the working masses to be housed together. When different people congregate in urban areas, they lead to a new society through the process of urbanisation. Given the diverse nature of the lives of people in urban areas, there emerges difference in the way people become integrated into this society. The poor feel disadvantaged and they withdraw to living in the margins of the society while the well-off group feel well a sense of belonging in the group they live in. In response to the diverse socio-economic characterisation of the urban society, there are different issues that require to be addressed. These issues range from provision housing, waste management, poverty and provision of water and security. In addition, it is critical that the issues of provision of quality education for the young people in the urban centres are addressed. Brown (2004, p. 266) explains that urban schools are evidenced by inequalities and tension, given the high population and the various communities that they are entrusted to teach. Gay (2000, p. 12) notes that urban schools are currently located both in the inner cities and in some rural environments have varied issues they need to address. Brown (2002, p.23) argues that research in urban schools have been for a long time inclined to the problems but they fail to focus on the contributions that these schools can make to the wider society. Brown (2002, p.23) describes that
Sunday, November 17, 2019
The Ganges River Essay Example for Free
The Ganges River Essay The Ganges River is very sacred to the Hindus. This river starts in the Himalayas and flows across the northern part of India and into Bangladesh and finally empties into the Bay of Bengal. The Ganges River flows a total of 1,557 miles and provides water for southern Tibet, northern India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. This is a very important river for everyone, especially the Hindus, but f we do not take care of it will be destroyed by pollution. The Hindus use the Ganges River to cleanse their sins. They believe that the goddess Ganga came to earth in the form of a river, and if they bathe in it their sins will be cleansed. Millions of Hindus come long ways to cleanse themselves in the river each year. The Hindus believe that if you die while in the river, you are guaranteed a place in paradise. This river also provides nutrients for the farms it passes through. The tributaries of the Ganges supports about 300 million people. Many of these people do not even know that their river is being polluted. The Ganges River runs along a few big cities. Factories in this city along the coast are spilling pollutants into the river. With the growing population, pollution is not slowing down. It is estimated that 230 million gallons of sewage are being put into the river each day. This river is becoming more polluted as the population gets larger and the amount of waste increases. If a very strong effort is not put in to helping save this river it will not be able to help anybody. Some efforts are being made to clean up the Ganges river. In 1986, a project for 250 million dollars was made to try to clean up the river. To deal with the population problem, incentives are given to families with two children or less. Still the average family has three to four children. More of an effort to restore this river needs to be made or else it will be destroyed. If this river does get destroyed it will devastate many people, especially the Hindus. Some people believe it is already to polluted to clean up. Better ways of controlling their pollution will need to be made to save this river.
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Anthem :: essays research papers
Removing the Stains From Society The world’s creatures have always yearned for a special peace that would allow all to become equal. This peace may bring about a utopian world but reality may strike and send a message of what life is really about. Some may think of life as a time to form justice and equality amongst all yet, others think of life as a time to become a higher more authoritative person that the rest of the world. The Residential Community at Beacon Hill Friends House provides the sort of utopian community that many imagine achieving. Everything is equal in a small world like this starting from the management of food to the use of the VCR. The Residential Community at Beacon Hill Friends House has set a realistic utopian society and has not yet corrupted the uniqueness of justice and equality amongst the residents as in Anthem. A utopian society is a form of society in which there is only equality and justice for all. Many utopian societies are formed for means of shelter to those who form similar opinions of how the world should work, some for educational purposes and others for a spiritual communion. The Residential Community at Beacon Hill Friends House was formed â€Å" To advance and foster the distinctive principles of the Religious Society of Friends, to provide opportunities for the development of leadership for the Society, and especially to establish and maintain a center where members of the Society and persons sympathetic to its principles, including those pursuing programs of study at other educational institutions, whether undergraduate, graduate, or special, may meet together, and where such persons may live, and where the principles of the Society may be advanced and fostered by study and example.†This society is still successful in its mission to provide what has been stated. This c ommunity is still open and willing to accept any applicant. There are many elements that are required to maintain a utopian society such as equal chores of an everyday household. There are responsibilities of every resident from cooking food to keeping the house clean. These chores have to be just otherwise the purpose of the utopian society is corrupted. All residents have the same right as any other member of the society yet there are some rules that are to be followed to help maintain the community. This is when a form of self-government comes into action.
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Custom Power Devices and the Benefits of their Application
CUSTOM POWER DEVICES Initially for the betterment of power quality FACTS devices such as STATCOM ( inactive synchronal compensator ) , SSSC ( inactive synchronal series compensator ) , IPFC ( interline power flow accountant ) , and UPFC ( incorporate power flow accountant ) etc are introduced. These FACTS devices are planned for the transmittal system. However today more concentration is on the distribution system for the betterment of power quality, these devices are customized and known as usage power devices. In 1995 N.G. Hingorani introduced the thought of custom power as an enlargement of FACTS impression to distribution system. The chief aim is to better power quality and enhance dependability of power supply. The construct of FACTS was besides proposed by Hingorani in 1988. The word `custom power ‘ illustrates the value added power that electric public-service corporations will offer their clients. The value add-on will supply the benefits of high power electronic accountants to distribution systems, on the supply terminal of industrial, commercial clients and industrial Parkss. The footings of usage power devices ( CPD ) are complementary to the entity terminal usage equipment at low electromotive forces ( such as UPS ( Uninterruptible Power Supply or standby generators ) . Need OF CUSTOM POWER DEVICES At present power quality is considered as one of the major concern. Distribution system is placed at the terminal of the power system and it is straight connected to the client, so dependability the power system chiefly depends on the distribution system. It has become important, chiefly with the debut of complicated devices, whose concert is highly sensitive to the quality of power supply. Power quality job is an incident manifested as an irregular electromotive force, current or frequence that effect in the failure of terminal usage setup. Any failure in the electrical distribution system will impact about 90 % of the mean client break. Since the customer’s demand for the dependability of power supply is lifting twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours, hence dependability of the distribution system has to be increased. Ideally, power distribution system should supply their client with a uninterrupted flow of energy at even sinusoidal electromotive force at the contracted magn itude degree and frequence. But, in pattern, peculiarly in the distribution system, incorporate several nonlinear tonss, which well affect the quality of power supplies. Due to the consequence of nonlinear tonss, the pureness of the supply wave form is lost. This may take to several power quality jobs. Although power perturbations will originate on all electrical system, the sensitiveness of today’s complicated electronic devices will do them more inclined to the quality of power supplies. To work out this job, Custom power devices are used. One of those devices is Distribution Static Synchronous compensator ( DSTATCOM ) , which is the most efficient and effectual modern usage power device used in power distribution webs. Categorization OF CUSTOM POWER DEVICES Custom power devices are classified based on their power electronic accountants, which can be either of the web reconfiguration type or of the compensating type. The web reconfiguration devices besides called switchgear include the solid province and or inactive versions or current modification, current breakage and current transferring constituents. The counterbalancing type usage power devices either counterbalance a burden ( e.g. rectify its power factor, instability ) or better the quality of the supply electromotive force ( e.g. extinguish its harmonics ) . Custom power devices are classified as fallows Network reconfiguration type of usage power devices includeSSTS ( Solid province transportation switch )SSCL ( Solid province current clipper ) and,SSB ( Solid province ledgeman )Compensation type of usage power devices includeDVR ( Dynamic Voltage Restorer )DSTATCOM ( Distribution Static Synchronous compensator )UPQC ( Unified Power Quality Conditioner ) .Distribution STATCOM ( DSTATCOM ) The distribution STATCOM is indistinguishable to a transmittal STATCOM which uses a VSC of the needed evaluation inside it. Though, the VSC employed in a DSTATCOM is a Type 1 convertor with PWM control above the magnitude of the injected AC electromotive force to prolong a changeless DC electromotive force across the capacitance. Rapid power semiconducting material devices like IGBT or IGCT are employed alternatively of GTO. The fast shift capableness given by IGBT ( or IGCT ) switches allow the usage of more complicated control methods to supply maps of active filtering ( by shooting harmonic currents ) , equilibrating ( by shooting negative sequence current ) and flicker relief. A DSTATCOM can be considered as a variable current beginning resolute by the control maps. To heighten the dynamic evaluation within the capacitive scope, a fixed capacitor/filter is connected in analogue with DSTATCOM. By affecting an energy storage device like SMES ( Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storag e ) on the DC side during a DC/DC power conditioner, it is possible to interchange existent power with the system for a limited clip ( during fleeting breaks or big electromotive force droop ) . Dynamic electromotive force refinisher / regulator ( DVR ) The Dynamic Voltage Restorer ( DVR ) is a series connected device indistinguishable to a SSSC. The chief purpose of a DVR is to take electromotive force droops perceived by sensitive tonss such as semiconducting material fabrication works or IT industry. Therefore the DVR that are installed till now have modular with evaluations of 2 MVA for each faculty. It has been designed to equilibrate the three stage electromotive force sags about 35 % if the continuance clip is less than half a 2nd. Typically the storage of energy in capacitance will lie between 0.2 to 0.4 MJ per MW of burden supplied. A DVR is connected in series along with the feeder by agencies of a transformer. The low electromotive force twist is associated to the convertor. The chief intent of a DVR is to command the electromotive force at the burden coach ; it will be in standby manner for the bulk of the clip through which the convertor is bypassed. The DVR injects a series electromotive force of the necessary magnitud e merely when droop is identified. It is indispensable to protect a DVR from the mistake currents ( as in the instance of a SSSC ) . A DVR with IGBT/IGCT devices will be able to pull off to move as a series active filter so as to divide the burden from electromotive force harmonics on the beginning side. It is besides executable to command the electromotive force on the load side with the injection of negative and/or zero sequence electromotive forces in add-on to harmonic electromotive forces. UNIFIED POWER QUALITY CONDITIONER ( UPQC ) Unified power quality conditioners are feasible compensation devices and are used to verify that the power delivered will fulfill all necessary criterions and specifications at the installing point. The ideal UPQC can be identified as the combination of a electromotive force beginning convertor ( shooting shunt current ) and a common DC nexus ( connected to a DC capacitance ) .UPQC consist of combined series active power filter that regulate electromotive force harmonics of the power supply, and shunt active power filter that regulate harmonic currents of a nonlinear burden. Due to double functionality, UPQC is considered as one of the most appropriate devices that can work out the jobs of both consumers every bit good as of public-service corporation. Hence UPQC will assist to heighten electromotive force profile of power distribution system. Benefits WITH THE APPLICATION OF CUSTOM POWER DEVICES The usage power devices like DVR, DSTATCOM and UPQC etc, are employed to heighten the dependability of the distribution system by giving electromotive force support at the critical coachs in the system ( with series connected accountants ) and to command the power flow in the critical lines ( with shunt connected accountants ) . Both power flow and electromotive force are regulated by the combined series and shunt accountants known as UPQC. As the power electronic control is comparatively fast, this allows ordinance under both steady province and dynamic conditions as compared to other accountants when the system is caused to perturbations. The benefits due to custom power devices are listed below.They assist to outdo possible system operation by diminishing power losingss and heightening electromotive force profile.The power flow in critical lines can be improved as the operating borders can be decreased due to fast controllability.The power transporting ability of lines can be raised to values up to the thermic bounds ( imposed by current transporting ability of the music directors ) .The transeunt stableness bound is improved hence bettering dynamic security of the system and diminishing the incidence of blackouts affected by cascading outages.The steady province or little signal stableness country can be improved by supplying subsidiary stabilising accountants to muffle low frequence oscillations.FACTS accountants s uch as TCSC can react to the job of Sub synchronal Resonance ( SSR ) experienced by agencies of fixed series capacitances connected in lines to take power from thermic power Stationss ( with turbo generators ) .The job of electromotive force fluctuation and moral force over electromotive forces can be overcome by these accountants.
Saturday, November 9, 2019
Economic Problems in Brazil
Aphrodite was the goddess of love, beauty and sexuality, she was often naked The Romans called her Venus, because of her beauty. Aphrodite was born of the foam sea when cronus cut of Uranus gentiles and threw them into the sea, Aphrodite lived on Mount Olympus with the other supreme deities. In which she married a homely craft man god named Hephaestus, her parents where Uranus or Zeus and Dione, she hardly where clothes and she cause the Trojan War.Aphrodite thinks noting but love and her work is pleasure, often Aphrodite would have in affairs with other guys. When the hero Peleus was married to the sea-nymph Thetis, all the gods were invited to the ceremony, but one god. So she got a golden apple and rolled it to the three gods who were sitting down and on that golden apple it had a note saying â€Å" For the fairest†the three gods began to fight over the apple so they go up to Zeus to tell him pick which of them is the most beautiful one.Zeus had a hard time choosing who, s ince all three of them were dear to him so he let the handsome youth god the Trojan Prince Paris choose. The goddess where bribing him except for Aphrodite was trying to seduced him, telling him â€Å"I will give you the most beautiful god†, so he think about it and he go’s with Aphrodite’s bet.
Thursday, November 7, 2019
010 The Conversation and Carr Professor Ramos Blog
010 The Conversation and Carr Quick Write Quick Write Do you think college is fun? What is fun about it? What can we do to make it fun? They Say Chapter 1 argues that good academic writing responds to what others are saying. What â€Å"They Say†is important to include in academic writing and is one way we can include the conversation when we write. The chapter includes templates for introducing standard views, implied or assumed and ongoing debates. It has become common today to dismiss college as a necessary chore that people must go through in order to get a job. In her book, Reality is Broken, game designer and researcher Jane McGonigal makes the case for using games to make the world a better place. Four Defining Traits of a Game Goal. The outcome that the players will work to achieve. It focuses attention and gives you a sense of purpose. Rules. Limitations on how to achieve the goal. It will unleash creativity and foster strategic thinking. Feedback System. Tells players how close they are to achieving their goal. Provides motivation to keep playing. Voluntary Participation. Requires that you knowingly accept the goal, rules, and the feedback. You have the freedom to enter and leave the game at will. With these four ideas in mind, how can we apply this to college? Nicholas Carr Is Google making us Stupid? Carr argues that the internet affects our cognitive capacities, diminishing out ability to concentrate and to learn. Take two minutes and write something to share with the class. Why does Carr begin with lines from 2001: A Space Odyssey? Entering the Conversation The introduction to the textbook, page 1, explains that the book relies on templates to help us do the basic moves of writing. The templates are guides that when used, help us to structure and generate our own writing. We will talk a lot about approaches to writing and how to think about writing, as well as use the templates provided, to help us practice the principles of writing. It is true, of course, that critical thinking and writing go deeper than any set of linguistic formulas, requiring that you question assumptions, develop strong claims, offer supporting reasons and evidence, consider opposing arguments, and so on. But these deeper habits of thought cannot be put into practice unless you have a language for expressing them in clear, organized ways. (TSIS) State your own ideas as a response to others. You are just entering a conversation that has been going on for thousands of years. You are not expected to know everything, but you are expected to begin to understand what others have said before and how to find it. To argue means more than just stating your own position. To argue you need to enter into a conversation with others views. Then you can try to convince others of your position or just to see your position as valid.
Tuesday, November 5, 2019
How to Plan a Game Development Project
How to Plan a Game Development Project One of the most complicated aspects of game development is planning. Some would argue that small indie projects don’t need this step; they simply need to work on the project until it’s done. This is far from true. Initial Planning The design framework laid at the project’s origin will determine the course for the entire project’s development. Its important to remember at this step that nothing is set in stone, but you should attempt to be as accurate as possible. Feature List First, analyze the design document and determine the game’s requirements. Then, split out each requirement into a list of features that will be needed to implement the requirement. Breaking Down the Tasks Take each feature and work with your leads in each area (art, animation, programming, sound, level design, etc) to break it down into tasks for each department (a group or person, depending on the size of your team). Assigning Tasks The lead of each group should then create initial time requirement estimates for each task and assign them to team members. After this is complete, the lead should work with the team to ensure that the estimates are correct and reasonable. Dependencies The project manager then must take all the task estimates and place them into a project management software package, either Microsoft Project or Excel (the two long-time industry standards) or any of the newer choices available for agile project management. Once the tasks are added, the project manager must look at the tasks and match dependencies between teams to ensure that the timing of creating a feature doesn’t have impossible relationships that prevent it from being completed within necessary time frames. For example, to fully implement a racing game, you wouldnt schedule the coding of tire durability before the completion of the physics system. You would have no framework to base the tire code upon. Scheduling This is where things get particularly complicated, but where the need for project management in the first place becomes more apparent. The project manager assigns estimated start and completion dates for each task. In traditional project planning, you end up with a cascading â€Å"waterfall†view, which shows the timeline for completion of the project and the dependencies that link the tasks. Its critical to remember to factor in slippage, employee sick time, unexpected delays on features, etc. This is a time-consuming step, but it will quickly give you an idea of exactly how much time the project will take to complete. What to Do With the Data By looking at this project plan, you can determine if a feature is going to be costly in time (and, therefore, money) and make decisions about whether the feature is necessary for the game to succeed. You might decide that delaying a feature to update- or even a sequel- makes more sense. Also, tracking how long you’ve worked on a feature is useful in determining if its time to either try a new technique to solve the problem or cut the feature for the good of the project. Milestones A frequent use of project planning involves the creation of milestones. Milestones indicate when a certain element of functionality, a time period of working on the project, or a percentage of the tasks has been completed. For internal project tracking, milestones are useful for planning purposes and for giving the team specific goals to aim for. When working with a publisher, milestones frequently determine how and when the developing studio is paid. Final Notes Project planning is regarded by many as a nuisance, but youll almost always find that developers who plan projects well in advance and hit their milestones are the ones who succeed in the long run.
Sunday, November 3, 2019
For the third essay, you are going to select an issue that you feel Research Paper
Cyber Insecurity - Research Paper Example In fact, as part of globalization and for that matter technology, communication and commerce have been more enhanced than they used to be before. But as much as we talk of the advantages of globalization, it is also important to have a look at what the repercussions of globalization and for that matter influx of technology have been on the larger population of the world. Cybersecurity is a term that is often used to represent the kind of protection given to personal information and digital documents. In his article â€Å"Winning the fight against cyber crimes†, Lurrent (2012) argues that the need for cybersecurity has increased and become timely mainly because of increases of activities of illegal cyber operations. By this, reference is being made to the numerous acts of cyber attacks that are launched in the field of information systems. In the use of both personal and organized information systems, reports of information thief, virus attacks and other forms of information irregularities have been reported on a daily basis. Some of these are so serious that they easily result in people losing thousands of dollars especially when the bank details of users are tapped by cybercriminals. As much as these acts of cyber insecurity increase, there is the need for advanced countermeasures that can put the minds of end users at rest. In his article â €Å"Countermeasures for cybersecurity†, Deritck (2011) clearly states that unless pragmatic steps are taken to give total protection to users of the internet and other information systems against cyber insecurities of all forms, the interest that people have in using technology in advancing communication and commerce will bring down.Â
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